Court of Appeal of Bologna, 15 January 2026, No. 159

An arbitral award is void where the arbitrator, having appointed himself as court-appointed expert (consulente tecnico d'ufficio), files the decision without affording the parties the opportunity to exercise their rights of defence in adversarial proceedings with respect to the expert work carried out, thereby infringing the principle of due process (contraddittorio) in the arbitral proceedings.