Court of Venice, 8 July 2025, N. 3500

A contractual arbitration award (lodo arbitrale irrituale) does not have the effect of res judicata.
Declarations made in arbitral proceedings by persons extraneous to the procedural relationship in which they are invoked constitute extra-judicial declarations made in the presence of third parties, having pursuant to Article 2735 of the Civil Code the efficacy of mere circumstantial evidence freely assessable by the court and not of full proof.