In proceedings for challenging the nullity of an arbitral award, the rule of specificity in formulating grounds prescribed for cassation appeals applies, in consideration of the rescissory nature of such proceedings and the fact that only compliance with said rule can enable the judge and the defendant party to verify whether the challenges formulated correspond exactly to the cases of challengeability established by art. 829 of the Code of Civil Procedure.
An arbitral award rendered between specific parties does not produce direct and binding effects against a subject who remained external to the relevant arbitral proceedings, not having been formally called to the adversarial process and not having had the possibility to participate as a procedural party in the proceedings themselves.
In proceedings for challenging the nullity of an arbitral award, the principle applies according to which the reform, even partial, of the award has effect on the parts dependent on the reformed part and determines the lapse of the section that ruled on litigation costs, with the consequent power-duty of the judge to completely renew the regulation of such costs in light of the final outcome of the case.